Email dari Perancis

Beberapa hari yang lalu saya mendapat email dari Perancis yang memberitahukan bahwa penuturan bahasa Jawa menempati rankin 11, email selengkapnya :

From: soenarjo sita <sita_satoeti@yahoo.fr>
Subject: Tr : [AlumniPrancis] Ranking Bahasa Dunia
To: “Evita Suryawatiningsih” <evita07@yahoo.com>, “katharina Triratna Paramita” <nina_soenarjo@yahoo.com>, “Ari Pangestu” <sriuntung@yahoo.co.id>, “arief setiawan” <ariefpa@yahoo.com>, “Suparto Brata” <sbrata@yahoo.com>, krishna79aimable@yahoo.com, “Krismastono” <krismastono@yahoo.com>, “tri lestari” <achan369@yahoo.com>, “Yustiniani/Nino Mouton” <yustiniani.mouton@gmail.com>, “Azizah Bambang DH” <jez_libels@yahoo.com>, “Bambang Sentanu” <b_sentanu@yahoo.com>, “Caecilia” <caecilia_setyabudi@yahoo.com>
Date: Monday, November 17, 2008, 9:10 PM

Info menarik nih. Ternyata penutur bahasa Jawa banyak, bahkan lebih banyak daripada bahasa Prancis, apalagi Belanda hehehe

Lihat aja bahasa Jawa menempati ranking ke-11 (itupun para penutur bahasa Jawa yang ada di Kaledonia Baru nggak diitung…), sedangkan bahasa Prancis urutannya ke-17. Bahasa Belanda? jauh di bawahnya. Jadi, nggak perlu malu atau kecil hati kalo masih punya aksen Jawa, bahkan kalo punya aksen medok sekalipun hehehe

Pareng…

Sita
—– Message transféré —-
De : Syaltout MAHMUD <syaltout@gmail.com>
À : “KincirAngin@yahoogroups.com” <KincirAngin@yahoogroups.com>; “AlumniPrancis@yahoogroups.com” <AlumniPrancis@yahoogroups.com>
Envoyé le : Dimanche, 16 Novembre 2008, 15h07mn 46s
Objet : [AlumniPrancis] Ranking Bahasa Dunia

FYI,

Para ethnologue, menurut website Wikipedia ( http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/
Ethnologue_list_ of_most_spoken_ languages ) mengklasifikasi ranking bahasa dunia didasarkan pada jumlah pemakai bahasa tersebut. Di dalam website tersebut, kita dapat mengetahui jumlah pemakai bahasa dan di mana bahasa tersebut dipakai di dunia.

Klasifikasinya adalah sebagai berikut:
1    Chinese    1,205m (1999)    People’s Republic of China, Republic of China (Taiwan), Malaysia, Singapore    This figure includes all varieties of Chinese such as Mandarin and Cantonese, which are not necessarily mutually intelligible
2    Spanish    322.3m (1995)    Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Spain, United States, Venezuela, Peru, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Bolivia, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Panama, Belize, Andorra, Gibraltar
3    English    309.4m (1984)    United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Ireland, Singapore, Bermuda, Northern Mariana Islands, The Bahamas, Guam, Cayman Islands    Does not include significant populations in countries such as Jamaica and Guyana, where speakers are said to speak creoles. See, List of countries by English-speaking population.
4    Arabic    206m (1999)    Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Iraq, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria, Tunisia, Libya, Lebanon, Jordan, Mauritania, Palestinian territories, Israel, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Chad, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Djibouti, Somalia, Western Sahara    Figure from all varieties of Arabic, which are not necessarily mutually intelligible
5    Hindi    180.8m (1991) (Khariboli dialect only)    India, Fiji    Speakers of the main Khariboli dialect(1991) . Indian census (2001) figure is 422m, and represents all Hindi dialects, which the Ethnologue deems mutually unintelligible. Hindi and Urdu are considered as separate languages although they are mutually intelligible when used in everyday conversation. They are written in two different scripts.
6    Portuguese    177.5m (1998)    Brazil, Portugal
7    Bengali    171m (1994)    Bangladesh, India
8    Russian    145m (2000)    Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Israel, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Estonia, Lithuania, Turkmenistan
9    Japanese    122m (1985)    Japan
10    Standard German    95.4m (1994)    Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein    This figure seems to include Swiss German, even though this is listed under a different code. Ethnologue divides “German” into 18 dialects[1] (Middle and Upper German, not including Low German and Yiddish), totalling to 114.2 million. Including Yiddish and Northern Low Saxon, the total is 118 million.
11    Javanese    75.5m (1989)    Indonesia, Suriname
12    Telugu    69.7m (1997)    India
13    Marathi    68m (1997)    India
14    Vietnamese    67.4m (1999)    Vietnam
15    Korean    67m (1986)    South Korea, North Korea
16    Tamil    66m (1997)    India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Maldives
17    French    64.9m (1999)    France, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, French Guiana, French Polynesia, New Caledonia and other overseas territories and departments of France.    Figure does not include significant populations in countries such as Haiti and Mauritius, where speakers are said to speak creoles. 14th edition (2000) gives 77m total.
18    Italian    61.5m    Italy, San Marino, Switzerland    Population includes some of whom are native bilinguals of Italian and regional varieties, and some of whom may use Italian as second language. Sicilian is included.
19    Western Panjabi    60.8m (2000)    Pakistan    Figure does not include Eastern Panjabi, spoken in India, 27.1m
20    Urdu    60.5m (1997)    Pakistan, India    Standard Hindi and Urdu are considered as separate languages although they are mutually intelligible when used in everyday conversation. They are written in two different scripts.

Ternyata kita juga tahu, bahwa sebenarnya penutur bahasa China dan bahasa Spanyol lebih banyak dibanding mereka yang berbahasa Inggris. Kemudian, bahasa Jawa ternyata memiliki jumlah penutur lebih banyak dibandingkan bahasa Perancis dan bahasa Italia.

Untuk bahasa yang lain di luar Top 20, bisa melihatnya di http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ List_of_language s_by_number_ of_native_ speakers

Dari daftar rangking ini, kita tahu bahwa Bahasa Sunda (berada di urutan ke-40) memiliki jumlah penutur (27 juta orang), artinya lebih banyak dibandingkan bahasa Belanda, berdasarkan estimasi dari Summer Institute of Linguistics hanya memiliki sekitar 20 juta penutur di tahun 2006 (estimasi yang lain menulis sekitar 25 juta penutur) dan bahasa Indonesia yang hanya memiliki 23,1 juta orang (tapi berdasarkan estimasi dari Summer Institute of Linguistics hanya 17,1 juta orang penutur sedangkan estimasi yang lain menulis 140 juta orang menjadikan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa kedua)?

Berikut ini adalah jumlah penutur bahasa lokal dan sekaligus bahasa nasional Indonesia menurut ethnologue:
Javanese    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi    75,500,000    75,600,000    70-75 million
Sundanese    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi    Native to Indonesia (origin in western Java)    27 million (2006)    27 million (1990)
Indonesian    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian    23.1 million, national language in Indonesia    17.1 million    140 million second language
Malay    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic    Official in Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore. Native to Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand. Significant communities in Australia, Bahrain.    23.6 million (2006)    18 million native, 3 million second language, = 21 million total (not counting Indonesian)
Madurese    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi    Native to Indonesia (Originally Java, Madura)    13.7 million (2006)    14 million (1995)
Minangkabau    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic    Indonesia (Sumatra)    6.5 million (2006)    6.5 million (1981 Moussay) (dated data)
Batak    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Northern Sumatra    Indonesia    2 million (2006)    ~6.2 million, all varieties (c. 1991 UBS) (dated data). Includes Toba, Dairi, Simalungun, etc.
Balinese    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Bali-Sasak    Indonesia (Bali, Lombok)    3.8 million (2006)    3.9 million (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk)
Buginese    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, South Sulawesi    Indonesia        3.5 million native, 0.5 million second language, = ~4 million total (1991 SIL)
Acehnese    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic    Indonesia    3 million (2006)    ~3 million (1999 WA)
Betawi creole    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi, Creole    Indonesia    2.7 million (1993 Johnstone)
Sasak    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi    Indonesia    2.1 million (1989)
Makasar    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi    Indonesia    1.6 million native, 400,000 second language, = 2 million total (1989)
Lampung    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi    Indonesia    ~1.5 million (1981 Wurm and Hattori)
Tausug    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo-Philippine    Philippines Significant communities in Indonesia (Kalimantan) , Malaysia (Sabah)
Rejang    Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi    Indonesia    ~1 million (1981 Wurm and Hattori)
Taba    Austronesian    Indonesia    20,000

Semoga referensi ini, bisa jadi pertimbangan kenapa kita harus memilih, belajar dan atau melestarikan suatu bahasa tertentu di dunia…

Salam hangat dari Paris,
Syaltout

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